Вредно для несовершеннолетних

4. Girls Incorporated, Will Power/Won’t Power: A Sexuality Education Program for Girls Ages 12-14 (Indianapolis: Girls Inc., 1998), V-12. 5. Richard P. Barth, Reducing the Risk: Building Skills to Prevent Pregnancy, STD, and HIV, 3d ed. (Santa Cruz, Calif.: ETR Associates, 1996), 89. 6. Tim LaHaye and Beverly LaHaye, The Act of Marriage: The Beauty of Sexual Love (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1976), 289-90. 7. This was the definition given by the majority in Stephanie A. Sanders and June Machover Reinisch’s «Would You Say You ‘Had Sex’ If . . . ?» Journal of the American Medical Association 281 (January 20, 1999): 275-77. See also Lisa Remez, «Oral Sex among Adolescents: Is It Sex or Is It Abstinence?» Alan Guttmacher Institute, Special Report 32, November-December 2000. 8. Mary M. Krueger, «Everyone Is an Exception: Assumptions to Avoid in the Sex Education Classroom,» Family Life Educator (fall 1993). 9. Cindy Patton, Fatal Advice: How Safe-Sex Education Went Wrong (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1996), 34. 10. The National Survey of Adolescent Males Ages 15 to 19, conducted in 1995 and published in 2000, found that one in ten had experienced anal sex. Tamar Lewin, «Survey Shows Sex Practices of Boys,» New York Times, December 19, 2000. In one San Francisco survey of seventeen- to nineteen-year-old men who have sex with men, 28 percent had had unprotected anal sex, the behavior carrying the highest risk for HIV transmission. U.S. Conference of Mayors, «Safer Sex Relapse: A Contemporary Challenge,» AIDS Information Exchange 11, no. 4 (1994): 1-8. 11. On the masturbation datum, see Krueger, «Everyone Is an Exception.» On the oral sex datum, see Susan Newcomer and J. Richard Udry, «Oral Sex in an Adolescent Population,» Archives of Sexual Behavior 14 (1985): 41-46. In another survey, of more than two thousand Los Angeles high school «virgins» in 1996, about a third of both boys and girls had masturbated or been masturbated by a heterosexual partner; about a tenth had engaged in fellatio to ejaculation or cunnilingus, with boys and girls more or less equally on the receiving end. Homosexual behavior was rarely reported among these kids, but 1 percent reported heterosexual anal intercourse. Mark A. Schuster, Robert M. Bell, and David E. Kanouse, «The Sexual Practices of Adolescent Virgins: Genital Sexual Activities of High School Students Who Have Never Had Vaginal Intercourse,» American Journal of Public Health 86 (1996): 1570-76. Remez («Sex among Adolescents») provides a good review of the scant literature on noncoital adolescent sexual behavior. She also suggests that the incidence and prevalence of fellatio probably far outweigh cunnilingus among teens. Many teens who have had oral sex have not had vaginal intercourse. One of Remez’s sources guesses that «for around 25 percent of the kids who have had any kind of intimate sexual activity, that activity is oral sex, not intercourse.» 12. Tamar Lewin, «Teen-Agers Alter Sexual Practices, Thinking Risks Will Be Avoided,» New York Times, April 5, 1997, 8. 13. «Research Critical to Protecting Young People from Disease Blocked by Congress,» Advocates for Youth, press release, December 19, 2000. 14. See Thompson, Going All the Way; and, e.g., Deborah L. Tolman, «Daring to Desire: Culture and the Bodies of Adolescent Girls,» in Sexual Cultures and the Construction of Adolescent Identities, ed. Irvine, 250-84. 15. Tamar Lewin, «Sexual Abuse Tied to 1 in 4 Girls in Teens,» New York Times, October 1, 1997. 16. Lewin, «Sexual Abuse Tied to 1 in 4 Girls.» 17. Nancy D. Kellogg, «Unwanted and Illegal Sexual Experiences in Childhood and Adolescence,» Child Abuse and Neglect 19 (1995): 1457-68. 18. Not Just Another Thing to Do: Teens Talk about Sex, Regret, and the Influence of Their Parents (Washington, D.C.: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2000), 6-7. 19. «Many Teens Regret Having Sex,» National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, press release, June 30, 2000. 8. The Facts 1. Adam Phillips, «The Interested Party,» The Beast in the Nursery (New York: Vintage Books, 1999), 3-36. 2. Janet R. Kahn, «Speaking across Cultures within Your Own Family,» in Sexual Cultures and the Construction of Adolescent Identities, ed. Irvine, 287. 3. Brent C. Miller, Family Matters: A Research Synthesis of Family Influences on Adolescent Pregnancy (Washington, D.C: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 1998), 6-12. 4. Diane Carman, in the Denver Post, March 2, 1999, posted on the Kaiser Family Foundation Web page. 5. Other good books were Changing Bodies, Changing Selves, for teens, by Ruth Bell and members of the Boston Women’s Health Book Collective (New York: Vintage Books, 1988); Michael J. Basso, The Underground Guide to Teenage Sexuality (Minneapolis: Fairview Press, 1997); and for younger readers, It’s Perfectly Normal: Changing Bodies, Growing Up, Sex, and Sexual Health, by Robie H. Harris with illustrations by Michael Emberley (Cambridge, Mass.: Candlewick Press, 1994). 6. Go Ask Alice! Columbia University’s Health Question & Answer Internet Service, at www.goaskalice.columbia.edu. 7. www.positive.org/JustSayYes. 8. A search for this URL in June 2001 yielded an «Object Not Found» message. However, sites for gay teens are proliferating. 9. Sex, Etc. can be accessed on the Internet at www.sxetc.org. 10. David Shpritz, «One Teenager’s Search for Sexual Health on the Net,» Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 22 (1998): 57. 11. Economics and Statistics Administration and National Telecommunications and Information Administration, «Falling through the Net: Toward Digital Inclusion,» U.S. Department of Commerce report, Washington, D.C., October 2000, 2-12. 12. See chapter 1 for more discussion of legislated and voluntary Internet filtering. 13. Phillips, «The Interested Party,» 14. 14. Stephen Holden, «Hollywood, Sex, and a Sad Estrangement,» New York Times, May 3, 1998, «Arts & Leisure,» 20. 15. Francesca Lia Block, Weetzie Bat, in Dangerous Angels (New York: HarperCollins, 1998), 29. 16. This insight, of course, must be attributed to the great art critic Leo Steinberg. 17. Journalist Debbie Nathan, ever-vigilant watchdog of cultural absurdity, reminds me that the soundtrack of the 1996 movie William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet was on the stereo when police arrived at the home of Kip Kinkel to find the dead bodies of his parents. The Springfield, Oregon, boy had just been arrested for the shooting deaths of two of his high school classmates and the wounding of twenty-five others. He is serving a life sentence for murder. 18. William Butler Yeats, «Brown Penny,» in Selected Poems and Two Plays of William Butler Yeats, ed. M. L. Rosenthal (New York: Macmillan, 1962), 37. 9. What Is Wanting? 1. See, e.g., Barrie Thorne, Gender Play: Girls and Boys in School (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1997); and R. W. Connell, Masculinities: Knowledge, Power, and Social Change (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995). 2. See Michael Reichert, «On Behalf of Boys,» Independent School Magazine (spring 1997). 3. Males, Scapegoat Generation, 46. About 15 percent of tenth-grade students in a longitudinal survey reported fewer experiences of sexual intercourse than they’d claimed in the ninth grade, and of all the kids questioned over the years, two-thirds reported the age at first intercourse «inconsistently.» Cheryl S. Alexander et al., «Consistency of Adolescents’ Self-Report of Sexual Behavior in a Longitudinal Study,» Journal of Youth and Adolescence 22 (1993): 455-71. 4. Susan Newcomer and J. Richard Udry, «Adolescents’ Honesty in a Survey of Sexual Behavior,» Journal of Adolescent Research 1, no. 3/4 (1988): 419-23. 5. «Fact Sheet: Dating Violence among Adolescents,» Advocates for Youth (accessed at www.advocatesforyouth.org), Washington, D.C., n.d. 6. In Our Guys, Bernard Lefkowitz cites another relevant study: «When the psychologist Chris O’Sullivan studied 24 documented cases of alleged gang rape on college campuses from 1981 to 1991, she found that it was the elite group at the colleges that were more likely to be involved. These included football and basketball players and members of prestigious fraternities.» Bernard Lefkowitz, Our Guys (New York: Vintage Books, 1998), 278-79. 7. A critique of quantitative desire disorders has been mounted by sociologist Janice Irvine, journalist Carol Tavris, sexologist Leonore Tiefer, and some others. Tiefer’s sociopolitical perspective is rare in her discipline. 8. Social Security Act, Title V, Section 510 (1997), Maternal and Child Health Bureau, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 9. William A. Fisher and Deborah M. Roffman, «Adolescence: A Risky Time,» Independent School 51 (spring 1992): 26. 10. Deborah Tolman, «Daring to Desire,» in Sexual Cultures and the Construction of Adolescent Identities, ed. Irvine, 255. 11. Jack Morin, The Erotic Mind (New York: Harper Collins, 1995), 83-85. 12. Mary Pipher, Reviving Ophelia: Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls (New York: Ballantine Books, 1994), 208. 13. Pipher, Reviving Ophelia, 205-13. These pages contain Lizzie’s account, as described here and in the following paragraph. 14. Tolman, «Daring to Desire,» 251. 15. This difficulty of putting emotions into words—what one writer called «alyxrythmia»—has been all but naturalized as a masculine trait. (A good example of interpreting everything as biological, even when the description is clearly social, is «Boys Will Be Boys,» Newsweek‘s cover story of May 11, 1998.) But there’s plenty of evidence it is completely socialized. Janet R. Kahn interviewed 326 families in 1976 and again in 1983 and found that, across class and race, parents talked less often to their boys about fewer topics related to sexuality and relationships and that fathers talked with their kids far less than mothers. The situation was so serious for boys that she called it «conversational neglect.» Kahn, «Speaking across Cultures within Your Own Family.»
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